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guidance manual on
water supply and
sanitation programmes

Contents


Foreword from the Secretary of State for International Development iii
Preface iv
About this manual v
List of tables xvi
List of figures xvii


 Chapter 1 Introduction to water supply and sanitation projects
    1.1 Definitions and scope of the Guidance Manual 3
    1.2 Why WS&S matters 5
    1.3 Historical development of the WS&S sector 8
    1.4 Evolution of Guiding Principles 10
    1.5 Organization of the WS&S sector 13
    1.6 The programme and project process 19

 Chapter 2 Principles and practices
    2.1 Key issues and interlink ages 29
    2.2 Social development perspectives 41
    2.3 Health aspects 63
    2.4 Environmental sustainability 78
    2.5 Economic and financial perspectives 101
    2.6 Institutional perspectives 118
    2.7 Technical aspects 157
    2.8 A social marketing approach to hygiene promotion and sanitation promotion 201
    2.9 Maximizing benefits of interventions 220

 3 Water supply and sanitation in the DFID programme and project cycle
    3.1 Stage 1: Policy development, sector planning, and programme formulation 227
    3.2 Stage 2: Programme and project identification 240
    3.3 Stage 3: Programme and project preparation 257
    3.4 Stage 4: Project appraisal and approval 274
    3.5 Stage 5: Programme and project implementation and monitoring 276
    3.6 Stage 6: Programme and project operation and monitoring 285
    3.7 Stage 7: Programme and project extensions or next phase programme and
                      project identification 292
    3.8 Stage 8: Evaluation 296


Appendices
Sample Logical Frameworks 303
References 319
List of acronyms 330
Index